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China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry, Development Status And Prospect

1 What is the equipment manufacturing industry

    At present, people are not exactly the same understanding of the equipment manufacturing industry, there is no generally accepted definition of an agreed definition and scope, the China International Economic Development Research Center, industry, special research fellow Luo 100-hui, functions and importance of the equipment, the equipment manufacturing industry consists mainly of three aspects:

   

    The first major state-of machinery, equipment or manufacturing equipment - work "mother ship", mainly including the CNC machine tool (NC), flexible manufacturing cell (FMC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing system (DIMS) , industrial robots, large-scale integrated circuits and electronics manufacturing equipment and so on.

    

   2 is an important mechanical, electronic-based pieces, mainly of advanced hydraulic, pneumatic, bearings, seals, dies, tools, low-voltage electrical appliances, microelectronics and power electronics, instrumentation and automation control systems and so on.

   

   Third, the national economy sectors (including agriculture, energy, transportation, raw materials, medical and health, environmental protection, etc.) science, technology, military production needed to complete sets of major technical equipment, such as the wells of mineral resources and the open-pit mining equipment, large-scale thermal power, hydropower , nuclear power complete sets of equipment, EHV AC and DC power transmission complete sets of equipment, petrochemical, coal chemical, salt chemical complete sets of equipment, ferrous and nonferrous metal smelting rolling complete sets of equipment, civilian aircraft, high-speed railway, subway and urban rail cars, car , ships and other advanced transportation equipment, sewage, garbage and large-scale flue gas purification and other large environmental protection equipment, rivers and governance, the tunnel excavation and Shield, large-scale water projects and other large gas transmission complete sets of equipment required for the important, advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and modern facilities, complete sets of equipment in agriculture, large-scale scientific instruments and medical equipment, advanced large-scale military equipment, communications, air traffic control and aerospace equipment, and advanced printing equipment and so on.

    

    Second, equipment manufacturing restructuring and revitalization of the planning elements

   

    Equipment manufacturing industries for the national economy, the provision of technical equipment, strategic industries, industries associated with high, strong ability to absorb employment, technology and capital-intensive, industrial upgrading in various economic sectors, technological progress and an important guarantee for the concentrated expression of the national comprehensive strength.

   

    In response to the international financial crisis, the implementation of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council about the protection of growth, expanding domestic demand, readjusting the structure of the general requirements to ensure the smooth development of equipment manufacturing industry, speed up structural adjustment, enhance self-innovation capability, and enhance the level of autonomy, promote industrial upgrading and special preparation of the plan, the equipment manufacturing industry as a comprehensive response to the action. The planning period 2009-2011.

    

    1, the equipment manufacturing industry and the situation confronting the status quo

    After years of development, China's equipment manufacturing industry has formed a complete range of larger scale, with a certain level of technology of the industrial system has become an important pillar industry in national economy. Especially the "speed up the revitalization of the State Council on Several Opinions of the equipment manufacturing industry" (国 发 〔2006〕 Since the implementation of significantly accelerating the development of the equipment manufacturing industry, a major technology and equipment significantly increased the level of their own, to further enhance the international competitiveness of some products technological level and market share rank in the world. China's equipment manufacturing industry has become a big country, but the industry is big but not strong capability of independent innovation is weak, the basis behind the manufacturing level, low-level redundant construction, independent innovation, promote the use of difficult product issues are still outstanding. At the same time, by the international financial crisis, since the second half of 2008, domestic and international market demand for equipment, the rapid decline of China's equipment manufacturing industry for years, high-speed growth momentum has slowed down production and operation difficulties, economic decline, the challenges of sustainable development .

   

    It should be noted, China is currently in the expansion of domestic demand, accelerate infrastructure construction and industrial transformation and upgrading of the critical period of the advanced equipment has a huge market demand; the financial crisis has accelerated the adjustment of the world's industrial structure, in order to provide our country with a further division of labor involved in industry opportunities for the development of equipment manufacturing industry fundamentals have not changed. Must take effective measures to seize opportunities, speed up industrial restructuring, promoting industrial upgrading, enhancing technological innovation, and promote sustained and steady development of equipment manufacturing industry, in order to contribute to stable and rapid economic development.

   

    2, guiding ideology, basic principles and objectives of

   

   (A) guiding ideology.

    Comprehensively implement the party's 17 great spirit to Deng Xiaoping Theory and the "Three Represents" as guidance, thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, relying on key national construction projects, large-scale independent of major technologies and equipment to carry out work; through increased technological transformation, and enhance independent innovation capability, greatly improve the basic component parts and basic technological level; by accelerating enterprise mergers and reorganizations, and product upgrading, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure to upgrade the overall industrial competitiveness, efforts to promote the equipment manufacturing industry by large to strong changes.

   

   (B) the basic principles.

   

    Insist on independence of equipment, combined with the key construction projects. To strengthen policy support and market guidance, take full advantage of the implementation of key construction projects and the revitalization of key industries to adjust the formation of market demand, accelerate the self-oriented equipment to protect the project needs, promote industrial development.

   

    Adhere to self-development and introduction of digestion and absorption of a combination. Support enterprises to develop new products independently, encourage the introduction of digestion and absorption of re-innovation, and guide enterprises to gradually from reliance on imported technology to changes in independent innovation, and vigorously promote technological industrialization.

   

    Insistence on developing and improving infrastructure to make the level of machine combination. Efforts to achieve autonomy of major technical equipment to drive the basis of supporting product development. Basic pieces of technology to improve the level of development of special raw materials, auxiliary products to reverse the basic situation of dependence on imports.
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Who can help with this Physics?

To make a secure fit, rivets that are larger than the rivet hole are often used and the rivet is cooled (usually in dry ice) before it is placed in the hole. A steel rivet 1.870 cm in diameter is to be placed in a hole 1.868 cm in diameter. To what temperature must the rivet be cooled if it is to fit in the hole (at 20°C)?
Thats part of the problem. i was given no value for alpha. This assignmnet is really frustrating because it gave me virtually no coefficients

No one.
l(t)=l'(1+λdt) where λ is coeff of linear expansion which is missing.
l(t)=1.868cm
l'=1.870cm
dt=20°C-t2
put value of λ and solve.

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I did a little research on Coefficients and found this.
We can solve it if we take approximate value of λ of steel
Steel 13.0 (m/m.K x 10-6)
Steel Stainless Austenitic (304) 17.3 (m/m.K x 10-6)
Steel Stainless Austenitic (310) 14.4 (m/m.K x 10-6)
Steel Stainless Austenitic (316) 16.0 (m/m.K x 10-6)
Steel Stainless Ferritic (410) 9.9 (m/m.K x 10-6)

For more information on Coefficients: http://www.farm.net/~mason/materials/expansion-coefficient.html

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